来源：塑料托盘材料的制备和结构、性能表征 发布时间：2010年7月22日
塑料托盘在探索制备新结构的微尺度碳材料，研究反应机理。采用了还原催化热解法、单源热解法和溶剂热法，成功的制备出核壳结构的碳纳米球、螺旋状碳纳米管、橄榄状碳微米球、无定形碳纳米管等多种碳材料，并对其反应机理进行探讨。主要内容归纳如下： 1．丰富和发展了还原催化热解有机物制塑料托盘备微尺度碳材料的方法。通过调节不同的反应条件，成功的制备出结构新颖的核壳碳纳米球和橄榄状碳微米球，以及螺旋状碳纳米管。并对作为还原剂的金属和作为碳源的有机物在反应中发挥的作用进行了详细的研究。发现金属镁与乙醚塑料托盘进行的强烈放热的氧化还原反应是形成核壳结构碳纳米球的关键；金属锌与丙酮进行氧化还原反应生成自由基，引发丙酮中烯醇式分子进行聚合反应是制备橄榄状碳微米球的关键；金属锌与乙醚进行氧化还原反应生成作为催化剂的氧化锌颗粒，和乙醚热解释放出来的二聚碳是生成螺旋状碳纳米管的关键。 2．发展了制备碳纳米管的单源热解法。在实验中，作为反应物的二茂铁不仅提供碳源，还要充塑料托盘当提供催化剂的角色。氧气是否参与反应是能否形成碳纳米管的决定性因素：在无氧的条件下反应得到多壁碳纳米管；在有氧的条件下反应只能得到螺旋状碳纳米纤维。详细的高分辨透射电子显微镜观察显示，铁纳米颗粒的晶体结构决定其对形成碳纳米管的催化活性：当铁纳米颗粒的结晶状态良好时，在形成碳纳塑料托盘米管的过程中其可以发挥催化作用；当铁纳米颗粒是无定形的，其没有催化活性，只能生成碳包铁微粒。并提出这个现象的可能原因，这些工作对理解碳纳米管催化生长机制作出了有益的帮助。 3．丰富了溶剂热合成法。在相对较低的温度塑料托盘下，合成了无定形碳纳米管。并通过控制反应物的比例，成功合成了无定形碳纳米管和碳包铁同轴纳米电缆。根据实验数据和分析表征的结果，对其生长机理进行了探讨。【Abstract】 The point of this dissertation is to synthesize the new structure of micro-scale carbon materials and study their formation mechanism. Three synthetic routes were employed to synthesize carbon materials, such as a reductive and catalytic pyrolysis route, a single-source precursor way, and a solvothermal route. Various carbon materials were successfully synthesized, including core-shell nanostructure of carbon, helically coiled carbon nanotubes, olivary carbon microspheres and amorphous carbon nanotubes. At the same time, the formation mechanisms were also studied. The experiment work can be summarized as follow:1. A reductive and catalytic pyrolysis method was developed to prepare carbon materials. By controlling the experimental parameters, the novel structure carbon materials, such as core-shell nanostructure of carbon, olivary carbon microspheres and helically coiled carbon nanotubes, were successfully synthesized. The roles of the metals as reductant and the organic materials as the carbon source were investigated in detail. The results showed that: (a) The drastically exothermal redox reaction between metallic magnesium and ethyl ether played an key role in the formation of the core-shell nanostructure carbon. (b) The polyreaction of the acetone with enol form was important to form the olivary carbon microspheres. The polyreaction was initiated by the free radical produced by the redox reaction between metallic zinc and acetone. (c) Zinc oxide nanoparticles acted as the catalyst in the formation of helically coiled carbon nanotubes, which were produced by the redox reaction between metallic zinc and ethyl ether. And the carbon dimer played an important role in the formation of helically coiled carbon nanotubes, which was produced by pyrolysis of ethyl ether.2. Developed the single-source precursor route. In experiment, ferrocene acted as both catalysts and carbon sources. The experimental result shows oxygen plays a